Eficacia de fungicidas multisitio en el manejo de Pseudocercospora fijiensis usando el método de hoja simple
Palabras clave:
banano, Mancozeb,, Control Químico, Fungicidas Multisitio, Resistencia a Fungicidas, Sigatoka NegraResumen
La sigatoka negra, causada por Pseudocercospora fijiensis, es la principal enfermedad foliar del banano, y las restricciones al mancozeb obligan a evaluar otros fungicidas multisitio. Se evaluó, mediante el método de hoja simple, el progreso de la enfermedad en las hojas 1 y 2 del banano (Musa AAA) cv. Williams tratadas con fungicidas multisitio de contacto (clorotalonil, folpet, sulfato de cobre y azufre con zinc) y con productos biológicos y botánicos, aplicados en aceite o agua. El ensayo se realizó en Guayas, Ecuador, entre marzo y mayo de 2026, en un diseño completamente al azar con nueve tratamientos, incluido un control sin aplicación, y cuatro repeticiones. Cada hoja recibió una sola aplicación bajo inóculo natural, y con la severidad semanal se calculó el área bajo la curva del progreso de la enfermedad (ABCPE). En la hoja 1, los tratamientos redujeron la severidad final entre 54 % y 64 % respecto al control. El azufre con zinc en agua retrasó los síntomas hasta 21 días después de la aplicación y obtuvo el menor ABCPE (51 % menos que el control); el sulfato de cobre en aceite fue el más consistente en ambas hojas y el folpet, el menos eficaz. En la hoja 2 no hubo diferencias entre tratamientos y el vehículo no modificó el ABCPE. Los fungicidas multisitio son una opción para reducir la dependencia del mancozeb, aunque requieren reaplicaciones frecuentes.
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